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• Carbohydrate, protein, fat and water values are in grams and calculated per 100g of food weight. Phosphorus and potassium values are in milligrams.
• Click on column header to sort foods by name or by nutrient content.
• Pie chart shows relative contributions to total calories from carbohydrate, protein and fat (and alcohol, if exists).
• The mineral and vitamin charts show the relative contents of minerals and vitamins of each food. The higher the bubble, the higher mineral or vitamin content a food has relative to other foods. The larger the bubble, the greater the mineral or vitamin content relative to the Recommended Daily Allowances.

RENAL DIET for Chronic Kidney Disease

information from the National Institutes of Health

When you have chronic kidney disease, you need to make changes in your diet, including:

• Limiting fluids
• Eating a low-protein diet (this may be recommended)
• Restricting salt, potassium, phosphorus, and other electrolytes
• Getting enough calories if you are losing weight

Your recommended diet may change over time if your kidney disease gets worse, or if you need dialysis.

Purpose of the RENAL DIET

information from the National Institutes of Health

The purpose of this diet is to maintain a balance of electrolytes, minerals, and fluid in patients who are on dialysis. The special diet is important because dialysis alone does not effectively remove ALL waste products. These waste products can also build up between dialysis treatments.

Most dialysis patients urinate very little or not at all. Therefore, fluid restriction between treatments is very important. Without urination, fluid will build up in the body and lead to excess fluid in the heart, lungs, and ankles.

RENAL DIET Recommendations

from the National Institutes of Health

CARBOHYDRATES
If you are overweight or have diabetes, you may need to limit the amount of carbohydrates you eat. Otherwise, carbohydrates are a good source of energy for your body. If your health care provider has recommended a low-protein diet, you may replace the calories from protein with:
•Fruits, breads, grains, and vegetables. These foods provide energy, as well as fiber, minerals, and vitamins.
•Hard candies, sugar, honey, and jelly.
If needed, you can even eat high-calorie desserts such as pies, cakes, or cookies, as long as you limit desserts made with dairy, chocolate, nuts, or bananas.

Online database: Carbohydrate Content of Foods

FATS
Fats can be a good source of calories. Make sure to use monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (olive oil, canola oil, safflower oil) to help protect your arteries. Talk to your doctor, nurse, or dietitian about fats and cholesterol that may increase your risk for heart problems.

PROTEIN
Low-protein diets may be helpful before dialysis. Your doctor or dietitian may recommend a moderate-protein diet (1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight per day).

Once you start dialysis, you will need more protein. In fact, a high-protein diet with fish, poultry, pork, or eggs at every meal may be recommended. This will help you replace muscles and other tissues that you lose.

People on dialysis should eat 8 - 10 ounces of high-protein foods each day. Your doctor, dietitian, or nurse may suggest adding egg whites, egg white powder, or protein powder.

Online database: Protein Content of Foods

CALCIUM and PHOSPHORUS
Calcium and phosphorus, two other important minerals in the body, are also monitored closely. Even in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, phosphorus levels in the blood can become too high. This can cause:

•Low calcium (this causes the body to pull calcium from your bones, which can make your bones weaker and more likely to break)

•Itching

You will need to limit the amount of dairy foods that you eat. This includes milk, yogurt, and cheese. Some dairy foods are lower in phosphorus, including tub margarine, butter, cream cheese, heavy cream, ricotta cheese, brie cheese, sherbet, and nondairy whipped toppings.

Fruits and vegetables contain only small amounts of phosphorus.

You may need to take calcium supplements to prevent bone disease, and vitamin D to control the balance of calcium and phosphorus in your body. Ask your doctor, nurse, or dietititan.

If dietary measures to lower phosphorus are not enough, your doctor may recommend "phosphorus binders."

Online database: Calcium Content of Foods

Online database: Phosphorus Content of Foods

FLUIDS
In the early stages of chronic kidney disease, you do not need to limit how much fluid you drink. As your kidney disease becomes worse or when you are on dialysis, you will need to watch how much you drink. In between dialysis sessions, fluid can build up in the body.

Your doctor and dialysis nurse will let you know how much you should drink every day. Do not eat too much of foods that contain a lot of water, such as soups, Jell-O, popsicles, ice cream, grapes, melons, lettuce, tomatoes, and celery.

Use smaller cups or glasses and turn over your cup after you have finished it.

Tips to keep from becoming thirsty include:

•Avoid salty foods

•Freeze some juice in an ice cube tray and eat it like a popsicle (you must count these ice cubes in your daily amount of fluids)

•Stay cool on hot days

SALT or SODIUM
Reducing sodium in your diet helps you control high blood pressure, keeps you from being thirsty, and prevents your body from holding onto extra fluid. A low-salt diet is usually needed.

Look for these words on food labels:

•Low-sodium

•No salt added

•Sodium-free

•Sodium reduced

•Unsalted

Check all labels to see how much salt or sodium foods contain per serving. Also, avoid foods that list salt near the beginning of the ingredients. Look for products with less than 100 mg of salt per serving.

Do not use salt when cooking and take the salt shaker away from the table. Most other herbs are safe, and you can use them to flavor your food instead of salt.

DO NOT use salt substitutes because they contain potassium. People with chronic kidney disease also need to limit their potassium.

Online database: Sodium Content of Foods

POTASSIUM
Normal blood levels of potassium help keep your heart beating steadily. However, too much potassium can build up when the kidneys no longer function well. Dangerous heart rhythms may result.

Potassium is found in many food groups, including fruits and vegetables. Choosing the right item from each food group can help control your potassium levels.

When eating fruits:

•Choose peaches, grapes, pears, cherries, apples, berries, pineapple, plums, tangerines, and watermelon

•Limit or avoid oranges and orange juice, nectarines, Kiwis, raisins or other dried fruit, bananas, cantaloupe, honeydew, prunes, and nectarines

When eating vegetables:

•Choose broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, green and wax beans, lettuce, onion, peppers, watercress, zucchini, and yellow squash

•Limit or avoid asparagus, avocado, potatoes, tomatoes or tomato sauce, winter squash, pumpkin, avocado, and cooked spinach

Online database: Potassium Content of Foods

IRON

Patients with advanced kidney failure usually need extra iron.

Many foods contain extra iron (liver, beef, pork, chicken, lima and kidney beans, iron-fortified cereals).

Online database: Iron Content of Foods

High-Potassium AND High-Phosphorus Foods

List of 100 foods high in BOTH phosphorus and potassium. Phosphorus and potassium contents are in milligrams per 100 grams of food weight.

High-Phosphorus and High-Potassium Foods

Phosphorus

Potassium

Spices, coriander leaf, dried

481

4466

Soy flour, full-fat, roasted

476

2041

Soy flour, full-fat, roasted, crude protein basis (N x 6.25)

476

2041

Cereals ready-to-eat, KASHI GOLEAN

475

926

Nuts, pistachio nuts, dry roasted, without salt added

469

1007

Nuts, pistachio nuts, dry roasted, with salt added

469

1007

Coffee and cocoa (mocha) powder, with whitener and low calorie sweetener,

451

1856

Coffee and cocoa (mocha) powder, with whitener and low calorie sweetener

451

1856

Winged beans, mature seeds, raw

451

977

Lentils, raw

451

955

Spices, chervil, dried

450

4740

Beans, great northern, mature seeds, raw

447

1387

Beans, small white, mature seeds, raw

445

1542

Cheese, gjetost

444

1409

Beans, black turtle soup, mature seeds, raw

440

1500

Spices, anise seed

440

1441

Lupins, mature seeds, raw

440

1013

Cowpeas, catjang, mature seeds, raw

438

1375

Spices, parsley, dried

436

2683

Beverage, instant breakfast powder, chocolate, not reconstituted

427

947

Cowpeas, common (blackeyes, crowder, southern), mature seeds, raw

424

1112

Broadbeans (fava beans), mature seeds, raw

421

1062

Cereals ready-to-eat, NATURE'S PATH, OPTIMUM SLIM

420

956

Leavening agents, baking powder, low-sodium

6869

10100

Seeds, cottonseed meal, partially defatted (glandless)

1684

1869

Rice bran, crude

1677

1485

Puddings, chocolate flavor, low calorie, instant, dry mix

1660

1279

Cocoa mix, with aspartame, low calorie, powder, with added calcium phosphorus,

1630

2702

without added sodium or vitamin A

High-Phosphorus and High-Potassium Foods

Phosphorus

Potassium

Seeds, cottonseed flour, partially defatted (glandless)

1597

1772

Seeds, cottonseed flour, low fat (glandless)

1587

1761

Smelt, dried (Alaska Native)

1400

1000

Whey, acid, dried

1349

2289

Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, KRETSCHMER Toasted Wheat Bran

1314

1284

Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S ALL-BRAN Original

1150

1020

Cereals ready-to-eat, wheat germ, toasted, plain

1146

947

Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, KRETSCHMER Wheat Germ, Regular

1130

1097

Fish, whitefish, dried (Alaska Native)

1040

1080

Wheat bran, crude

1013

1182

Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, KRETSCHMER Honey Crunch Wheat Germ

1011

964

Milk, dry, nonfat, instant, with added vitamin A and vitamin D

985

1705

Milk, dry, nonfat, instant, without added vitamin A and vitamin D

985

1705

Steelhead trout, dried, flesh (Shoshone Bannock)

976

1720

Milk, dry, nonfat, regular, with added vitamin A and vitamin D

968

1794

Milk, dry, nonfat, regular, without added vitamin A and vitamin D

968

1794

Fish, cod, Atlantic, dried and salted

950

1458

Milk, buttermilk, dried

933

1592

Whey, sweet, dried

932

2080

Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S ALL-BRAN WITH EXTRA FIBER

900

1050

Cocoa mix, no sugar added, powder

893

2702

Dairy drink mix, chocolate, reduced calorie, with low-calorie sweeteners, powder

893

2240

Soy protein concentrate, produced by alcohol extraction

839

2202

Cereals ready-to-eat, POST, 100% Bran Cereal

813

947

Soy protein isolate, PROTEIN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, ProPlus

800

1600

Seeds, cottonseed kernels, roasted (glandless)

800

1350

Soy protein isolate, potassium type, crude protein basis

776

1590

Soy protein isolate, potassium type

776

1590

Milk, dry, whole, with added vitamin D

776

1330

Milk, dry, whole, without added vitamin D

776

1330

Peanut flour, defatted

760

1290

Phosphorus-Rich AND Potassium-Rich Foods

Phosphorus

Potassium

Cocoa, dry powder, hi-fat or breakfast, processed with alkali

758

2509

Cocoa, dry powder, hi-fat or breakfast, plain

758

1574

Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened

734

1524

Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened, processed with alkali

728

2509

Soybeans, mature seeds, raw

704

1797

Soy meal, defatted, raw

701

2490

Soy meal, defatted, raw, crude protein basis (N x 6.25)

701

2490

Soy flour, defatted, crude protein basis (N x 6.25)

675

2090

Soy flour, low-fat

675

2090

Soy flour, defatted

674

2384

Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG'S, SPECIAL K Protein Plus

671

1111

Salmon, red (sockeye), filets with skin, smoked (Alaska Native)

650

960

Fish, salmon, chum, dried (Alaska Native)

650

910

Soybeans, mature seeds, dry roasted

649

1364

Protein supplement, milk based, Muscle Milk, powder

643

1129

Meat extender

639

1902

Leavening agents, yeast, baker's, active dry

637

955

Orange-flavor drink, breakfast type, low calorie, powder

629

3132

Seeds, lotus seeds, dried

626

1368

Soy flour, low-fat, crude protein basis (N x 6.25)

593

2570

Coffee substitute, cereal grain beverage, powder

580

2443

Spices, caraway seed

568

1351

Yardlong beans, mature seeds, raw

559

1157

Parsley, freeze-dried

548

6300

Spices, celery seed

547

1400

Spices, dill weed, dried

543

3308

Babyfood, cereal, high protein, with apple and orange, dry

539

1330

Incaparina, dry mix (corn and soy flours), unprepared

530

1030

Chives, freeze-dried

518

2960

Seal, bearded (Oogruk), meat, partially dried (Alaska Native)

510

960

Peanut flour, low fat

508

1358

Phosphorus-Rich AND Potassium-Rich Foods

Phosphorus

Potassium

Beverage, instant breakfast powder, chocolate, sugar-free, not reconstituted

500

1705

Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S ALL-BRAN BRAN BUDS

500

1000

Spices, cumin seed

499

1788

Soy flour, full-fat, raw

494

2515

Soy flour, full-fat, raw, crude protein basis (N x 6.25)

494

2515

Fruit-flavored drink, powder, with high vitamin C with other added vitamins, low calorie

493

2518

Nuts, pistachio nuts, raw

490

1025

Mothbeans, mature seeds, raw

489

1191

Beans, yellow, mature seeds, raw

488

1042

Spices, fennel seed

487

1694

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