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Guide to DIET and PROSTATE CANCER

from the National Institutes of Health

Because prostate cancer appears to be more common with a Western lifestyle, diet has been closely studied as a risk.

•Fats. Some studies have linked prostate cancer to a high-fat diet, especially including red meat and high-fat dairy products.

•Vegetables and fruits. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and legumes appears to protect against prostate cancer. This may be because these foods are low in fat. No one vegetable or fruit has been proven to decrease the risk. Lycopene, which is found in tomatoes, has been investigated, but the evidence that it protects against prostate cancer has not been proven.

•Calcium. A high intake of calcium has been linked to an increased risk for prostate cancer in some studies.

Recommendations for a Healthy PROSTATE CANCER Diet

from the National Institutes of Health

•Choose foods and portion sizes that promote a healthy weight.

•Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products to increase fiber in the diet (25 to 35 grams of fiber per day).

•Eat 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day.

•Limit processed and red meat in your diet. Only eat salted, smoked, or cured foods on occasion.

•Limit alcohol to one drink per day (women who are at high risk for breast cancer should consider not drinking alcohol at all).

•Choose lean cuts of beef, lamb, and pork, as well as skinless poultry and fish. Baking, broiling, poaching, and steaming are the best cooking methods. Choose skim or low-fat milk and dairy products, as well as low-fat salad dressings.

How to use the DietGrail food database to select foods for a healthy Prostate Cancer Diet

This food database provides the calcium, fiber and total fat contents, calories, fat, carbohydrate and protein calorie ratios of approximately 7,000 food items. A food's mineral and vitamin contents are displayed in charts to allow easy evaluation of its nutrition. You can use these vitamin and mineral charts to choose the most nutrient-dense foods and avoid foods with empty calories.
Click on any of the column headers to sort foods.
In addition, the calorie pie chart shows the contribution of fat, carb and protein to the food's total calorie.
Foods can be searched by name and sorted by nutrient contents to help you find the most appropriate foods.

Usage Note

• Calcium value is in mg and calculated per 100g of food weight.
• Fiber and Fat values are in grams and calculated per 100g of food weight.
• Click on column header to sort foods by name or by fiber, sodium, fat or calorie content.
• Pie chart shows relative contributions to total calories from carbohydrate, protein and fat (and alcohol, if exists).
• The mineral and vitamin charts show the relative contents of minerals and vitamins of each food. The higher the bubble, the higher mineral or vitamin content a food has relative to other foods. The larger the bubble, the greater the mineral or vitamin content relative to the Recommended Daily Allowances.

Prostate Cancer Overview

The prostate is the gland below a man's bladder that produces fluid for semen. Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages. It is rare in men younger than 40.

Levels of a substance called prostate specific antigen (PSA) is often high in men with prostate cancer. However, PSA can also be high with other prostate conditions. Since the PSA test became common, most prostate cancers are found before they cause symptoms. Symptoms of prostate cancer may include

Problems passing urine, such as pain, difficulty starting or stopping the stream, or dribbling Low back pain Pain with ejaculation

Prostate cancer treatment often depends on the stage of the cancer. How fast the cancer grows and how different it is from surrounding tissue helps determine the stage. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or control of hormones that affect the cancer.

PROSTATE CANCER Risk Factors

When you're told you have prostate cancer, it's natural to wonder what may have caused the disease. But no one knows the exact causes of prostate cancer. Doctors seldom know why one man develops prostate cancer and another doesn't.

However, research has shown that men with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop prostate cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of getting a disease.
Studies have found the following risk factors for prostate cancer:

Age over 65: Age is the main risk factor for prostate cancer. The chance of getting prostate cancer increases as you get older. In the United States, most men with prostate cancer are over 65. This disease is rare in men under 45.

Family history: Your risk is higher if your father, brother, or son had prostate cancer.

Race: Prostate cancer is more common among black men than white or Hispanic/Latino men. It's less common among Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native men.

Certain prostate changes: Men with cells called high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia may be at increased risk of prostate cancer. These prostate cells look abnormal under a microscope.

Certain genome changes: Researchers have found specific regions on certain chromosomes that are linked to the risk of prostate cancer. According to recent studies, if a man has a genetic change in one or more of these regions, the risk of prostate cancer may be increased. The risk increases with the number of genetic changes that are found. Also, other studies have shown an elevated risk of prostate cancer among men with changes in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Having a risk factor doesn't mean that a man will develop prostate cancer. Most men who have risk factors never develop the disease.

Many other possible risk factors are under study. For example, researchers have studied whether vasectomy (surgery to cut or tie off the tubes that carry sperm out of the testicles) may pose a risk, but most studies have found no increased risk. Also, most studies have shown that the chance of getting prostate cancer is not increased by tobacco or alcohol use, BPH, a sexually transmitted disease, obesity, a lack of exercise, or a diet high in animal fat or meat. Researchers continue to study these and other possible risk factors.

Researchers are also studying how prostate cancer may be prevented. For example, they are studying the possible benefits of certain drugs, vitamin E, selenium, green tea extract, and other substances. These studies are with men who have not yet developed prostate cancer.

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